INDEX

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Section 1

be and have pages 1 -12 

grammar summary and pre-test

be I am happy today. Are we late?

be: past Where were you?

I was in Glasgow.

be: future The bus will be full.

there is There's a dog in the garden.

have with do

do you have? I don't have

have without do: have got

Have you got a car?

have: actions He's having a shower.

test yourself be and have

Section 2 present tenses pages 13 - 30

grammar summary and pre-test

simple present affirmative

I work; you work; she works

simple present: use

I work in a bank.

simple present questions

Do you remember me?

simple present negatives I don't know.

She doesn't ski.

simple present: revision

present progressive: forms I'm reading;

I'm not working.

present progressive: use

I'm (not) working today.

present progressive questions

Is it raining?

present progressive: revision

the two present tenses: the difference

non-progressive verbs I don't understand.

test yourself present tenses

Section 3 talking about the future

grammar summary and pre-test

going to Look - it's going to rain.

present progreesive

what are you doing this evening?

the will-future: forms I will work.

They won't come.

will: predicting

I think it will rain tomorrow.

will: deciding, refusing, promising

I'll answer it.

which future?

will, going to or

present progressive?

simple present for future

Our train leaves at 8.10.

test yourself future

section 4 past tenses

grammar summary and pre-test

simple past: forms

I worker. I did not work.

simple past questions Did she pay?

What did she say?

questions without did

Who phoned?

What happened?

simple past: use I left school in 1990.

simple past: revision

past progressive

What were you doing at 8:00?

simple past or past progressive?

I walked/I was walking

test yourself past tenses

section 5 perfect tenses

grammar summary and pre-test

present perfect: forms I have paid.

Has she forgotten?

finished actions: present perfect or simple past?

present perfect: news

We've found oil in the garden!

present perfect and simple past:

news and details

up to now (1) 

How much? How often?

already, yet and just

up to now(2)

I've been here since Tuesday.

up to now (3): present perfect progressive

present perfect or

present perfect progressive?

simple past and present perfect: summary

present prefect and simple past:

revision exercises

past perfect

It had already begun when we arrived

test yourself perfect tenses

Section 6 modal verbs: introduction

ca, must, should

must

You must be home by eleven.

Must you go?

mustn't and needn't

We mustn't wake the baby.

have to

Do you have to teach small children?

had to, will have to I didn't have to pay.

should What should I tell John?

can and could

He can play the piano.

She couldn't write.

may and might 

It may snow.

I might have a cold.

must/can't: certainty She must be in.

He can't be hungry.

can and could: requests

Can you lend me a stamp?

can, could and may: permision

Can I use the phone?

shall in questions What shall we do?

had better You'd better take your umbrella.

would Would you like a drink?

I'd like to be taller.

used to I used to play the piano.

perfect modal verbs

I should have studied harder.

test yourself

modal verbs

Section 7 passives 93 - 104

grammar summary and pre-test

passives: introduction

English is spoken in Australia.

simple present passive

We are woken by the birds.

future passive

Tomorrow your bicycle will be stolen.

simple past passive

I was stopped by a policeman.

present progressive passive

It's being cleaned.

present perfect passive

The house has been sold.

verbs with two objects

We were given a week.

by with passives

Who was it made by?

passive or active? which tense?

test yourself

passives

verbs with two objects

Take the boss these letters.

have something done

I have my hair cut every week.

imperatives Come in. Don't worry.

let's (suggestions) Let's go.

test yourself special structures with verbs

Section 8

questions and negatives

grammar summary and pre-test

yes/no questions

Is the taxi here?

Do I need a visa?

question words When will you see her?

question-word subjects

Who phonedW What happenedW

negatives Dogs can't fly.

I don't know why.

negatives with nobody, never etc

Nobody loves me.

negative questions Aren't you well?

test yourself questions and negatives

Section 9 

infinitives and -ing forms

grammar summary and pre-test

infinitives: using to I want to go.

Must you go?

infinitives of purpose

She went to Paris to study music.

verb+infinitive

I hope to be an airline pilot.

verb+object+infinitive

He wants me to cook.

adjective+infinitive

glad to find you at home

adjectives with enough/too+infinitive

too tired to sing

some letters to write; nothing to eat

it with infinitive subjects

It's nice to be here with you.

-ing forms as subjects

Smoking is bad for you.

verb+ ...ing

I can't help feeling unhappy.

preposition+ ...ing

Thank you for coming.

test yourself infinitives and -ing forms

Section 10

special structures with verbs

grammar summary and pre-test

verbs with prepositions

Wait for me.

prepositions in questions

Who did you go with?

phrasal verbs Come in, take off

your coat and sit down.

Section 11 articles:a/an and the 

grammar summary and pre-test

a/an; pronunciation of the countable and uncountable a car, cars; petrol

the and a/an Let's see a film.

I didn't like the film.

a/an She's a doctor.

a/an; describing  people

She's got a nice smile.

talking in general without the 

People are funny.

names Mary, Africa, the USA

special cases in bed; after lunch;

a hundred; ...

test yourself

articles: a/an and the

Section 12

determiners

grammar summary and pre-test

this, that, these and those

some and any

I need some sugar.

Have you got any?

any, not any,  no and none

somebody, anything, nowhere, ...

some/any or no article

Have some toast. I don't like toast.

any='one or another - it's not important which'

much and many

How much milk?

How many languages?

a lot of and lots of

a little and a fez 

a little English;

a few words

enough money;

fast enough

too, too much/many and not enough

all (of) my friends; all of them; they are all ...

all children; every child

every and each; every one

both, either and neither

determiners and of most people;

most of us

test yourself determiners

(not) as ... as

tour hand are as cold as ice.

test yourself

adjectives and adverbs

Section 13

personal pronouns; possessives

grammar summary and pre-test

personal pronouns: I and me etc.

possessives: my, your etc

This is my coat.

possessives: mine, yours, etc

This is mine.

reflexive pronouns;

possessives

Section 14 nouns

grammar summary and pre-test

singular and plural nouns cat, cats;

box, boxes

singular/plural

team, family;

jeans, scissors

more about countable and uncountale nouns

one and ones a big one;

the ones on the chair

's and s' possessive: forms

son's, sons', men's

's and s' possessive:use

Ian's car, the boss's car

noun+noun

Milk chocolate is a kind of chocolate

test yourself nouns

Section 15

adjectives and adverbs

grammar summary and pre-test

adjectives 

a beautiful little girl who was not stupid

adverb He ate quickly.

It was badly cooked.

adverbs with the verb

often, certainly, etc

interested and interesting etc

fast, hard, hardly, well, friendly, ...

comparative and superlative

adjectives: forms

comparative or superlative?

comparatives: use

brighter than the moon

superlatives

the highest mountain in the world

comparison of adverbs

More slowly, please.

Section 16

conjunctions

grammar summary and pre-test

conjunctions: introduction

and,but, because ...

position of conjuctions

If you need help, ask me.

before and after

I talked to John before I phoned Peter.

tenses with time conjunctions

I'll see you before you go.

because and so; although and but and I speak Russian, English and Swahili.

double conjunctions both ... and;

(n)either ... (n)or

test yourself conjunctions

Section 17 if 

grammar summary and pre-test

if: position; unless

if: future

I'll phone you if I hear from ALice.

not real/not probable

If dogs could talk, ...

If I go ..., I will ...; If I went ..., I would ...

If I were you ...

could='would be able to'

We could go cycling if ...

unreal past If a had happened,

b would have happened.

test yourself if

Section 18 relative pronouns

grammar summary and pre-test

relative who and which

the keys which I lost

relative that a bird that can't fly

leaving out relative pronouns

the car (that) you brought

prepositions the man that she works for

relative what It was just what I wanted.

test yourself

relative pronouns

Section 19

indirect speech

grammar summary and pre-test

tenses and pronouns

Bill said he was really happy.

indirect questions

She asked him what his name was.

present reporting verbs

She says she comes from London.

here and now - There and then

infinitives

She told me to get out.

test yourself

indirect speech

Section 20

prepositions

grammar summary and pre-test

at, in and on (time)

from ... to, until and by

for, during and while

in and on (place)

at (place)

other prepositions of movement

test yourself prepositions

Section 21

spoken grammar

grammar summary and pre-test

question tags

This music isn't very good, is it?

short answers 

Yes, I have. No, they didn't.

reply questions

Oh, yes? Did they really?

revision of spoken question and answer structures

leaving out words

Don't know if she has.

So am I. Nor can Pat.

test yourself

spoken grammar

Appendices

appendix 1 common irregular verbs

apendix 2 active and passive

verb forms

appendix 3 capital letters (A,B,C etc)

appendix 4 contractions

appendix 5 expressions with prepositions

appendix 6 word problems